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标题: [原创]罗马地墓的恐怖 [打印本页]
作者: lucy     时间: 2007-1-13 14:11     标题: [原创]罗马地墓的恐怖

循着 Rick Steves' Italy 书上的线路图， 在罗马城市的北部按图索冀, 一个景点一个景点的学习。
等来到圣方济教派的地墓 (CAPPUCCIN CRYPT), 时逢他们午间歇息。 坐在路边， 和其它的游客一样安静的等待。

在半小时的等待中， 我都没有好好的看书上的介绍， 交差似的。因为10 多天在意大利, 已有了极度的审美疲劳.  我也庆幸自己没看书， 因为看了书， 我根本就不会走进那地下室。


开门后随人流涌进， 不要门票， 但要捐款， 便将身上的硬币统统交出， 就走进地下的墓室。

我差点没晕倒！  

白骨累累， 累累白骨。从1528 年至1870年间有 4000 个僧人死在这个地下室。据说每个成人有206 根骨头！这就是说共有82 万多块尸骨在分类后 ， 被非常艺术化的排列成： 十字架， 花卉， 几何图案. 也有用成堆的骨头组成具有浓厚的宗教意味的造型.  被贴满墙壁， 排满6个房间。就是长廊照明的吊灯也是人骨做成的。地下松软的尘土是400前从以色列运来的。

有一个大的时钟十分显眼： 它是用脊椎骨， 脚骨，和手骨做的。 只有一根时针， 意味着时间的无始无终。

墙上有一行字： WE WERE WHAT YOU ARE... YOU WILL BECOME WHAT WE ARE NOW .

难以想象是谁在这暗无天日的地下室里， 用人的骨头造就了这恶梦般的境界。 有一个牵着妈妈手的小孩哭了几声， 打破了重重的寂静， 我来不及细看， 匆匆的逃了出来. 因不准照相， 就买了几张明信片。

此时我看着明信片， 仍是毛骨悚然......

*****
ROOM 1： CRYPT OF THE RESURRECTION
ROOM 2： MASS CHAPEL
ROOM 3： CRYPT OF THE SKULLS
ROOM 4： CRYPT OF THE RELVISES
ROOM 5： CRYPT OF THE LEG BONES AND THIGH BONES
ROOM 6： CRYPT OF THE THREE SKELETONS

照片是我在网上找的。
附件 1 : 1.jpg (2007-1-13 14:11, 15.09 K )


附件 2 : 2.jpg (2007-1-13 14:11, 7.89 K )


附件 3 : 3.jpg (2007-1-13 14:11, 18.57 K )


附件 4 : 4.jpg (2007-1-13 14:11, 13.85 K )


作者: thesunlover     时间: 2007-1-13 21:51
早就听说过“Catacombs of Rome”，不知道和这个“CAPPUCCIN CRYPT”是不是一
回事情？这年代似乎很近-“从1528 年至1870年间”，这可是要到文艺复兴之后很久了。
露西能否确定一下。
作者: thesunlover     时间: 2007-1-13 21:53
Catacombs of Rome

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A procession in the catacomb of Callistus.
Catacombs Rome - entrance
Catacombs Rome - entrance (detail)The Catacombs of Rome are ancient Jewish and Christian underground burial places near Rome, Italy.

Etruscans used to bury their dead in underground chambers. Christians revived the practice because they did not want to cremate their dead due to their belief in bodily resurrection. Hence they began to bury their dead, first in simple graves and sometimes in burial vaults of pro-Christian patricians.

The first large-scale catacombs were excavated from the 2nd century onwards. Originally they were carved through soft rock outside the boundaries of the city, because Roman law forbade burial places within city limits. At first they were used both for burial and the memorial services and celebrations of the anniversaries of Christian martyrs (following similar Roman customs). They probably were not used for regular worship. Many modern depictions of the catacombs show them as hiding places for Christian populations during times of persecution. This is unlikely, however, since the large numbers of decaying corpses would have made the air nearly (if not completely) toxic. Additionally, the general locations of the catacombs were known to the Roman officials, making them a poor choice for a secret hiding place.

There are forty known subterranean burial chambers in Rome. They were built along Roman roads, like the Via Appia, the Via Ostiense, the Via Labicana, the Via Tiburtina, and the Via Nomentana. Names of the catacombs – like St Calixtus and St Sebastian alongside Via Appia – refer to martyrs that might be buried there.

Christian excavators built vast systems of galleries and passages on top of each other. They lie 7-19 meters (22-65 ft) below the surface in area of more than 2.4 km² (600 acres). Narrow steps that descend as many as four stories join the levels. Passages are about 2.5x1 meters (8x3 feet). Burial niches were carved into walls. They are 40-60 cm (16-24 in) high and 120-150 cm (47-59 in) long. Bodies were placed in chambers in stone sarcophagi in their clothes and bound in linen. Then the chamber was sealed with a slab bearing the name, age and the day of death. Fresco decorations were typically Roman. The catacomb of Saint Agnes is a small church.

In 380, Christianity became a state religion. At first many still desired to be buried in chambers alongside martyrs. However, the practice of catacomb burial declined slowly, and the dead were increasingly buried in church cemeteries. In the 6th century catacombs were used only for martyrs’ memorial services. Apparently Ostrogoths, Vandals and Lombards that sacked Rome also violated the catacombs, possibly looking for valuables. By the 10th century catacombs were practically abandoned, and holy relics were transferred to above-ground basilicas. In the intervening centuries they remained forgotten until they were accidentally rediscovered in 1578, after which Antonio Bosio spent decades exploring and researching them for his volume, Roma Sotterranea (1632).

Archeologist Giovanni Battista de Rossi (1822-1894) published the first extensive professional studies about catacombs. In 1956 and 1959 Italian authorities found more catacombs near Rome. The catacombs have become an important monument of the early Christian church.

Currently maintenance of the catacombs is in the hands of the Papacy which has invested the Salesians of Don Bosco the supervision of the Catacombs of St. Callixtus on the outskirts of Rome.

They have frequently been a topic in classical music, featuring in one of Respighi's Pini di Roma and in Mussorgsky's Pictures from an Exhibition.
作者: lucy     时间: 2007-1-15 02:30
不是！我也不太清楚！
只是吓了一跳！真的非常恐怖的。
作者: 章凝     时间: 2007-1-15 10:08
我直觉认为，这些地下墓地应该是在罗马帝国迫害基督徒时期留下来的，或许就是Catacombs of Rome，时代介于主后彼得、保罗传教时期(AC50年左右)，到AC313年基督教在欧洲正式合法化。1528时基督教早已成为全欧洲独尊的“一神教”，基督徒尤其是教士应该不会象这样死无葬身之地的。

当然也许是因为圣方济教派受天主教派迫害，我再去查查看。



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