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标题: 高锟获诺贝尔物理奖 [打印本页]

作者: 悟空     时间: 2009-10-6 08:40     标题: 高锟获诺贝尔物理奖

行内早有人士指出,高锟获诺贝尔奖是迟早的事情。

高锟在香港中文大学校长任上,对把中大办成研究型的大学也有相当贡献。

他同时坚持中文大学实行双语教学的方针,认为钱穆创办中大、弘扬中华文化的宗旨不能改变。

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3 Americans Share 2009 Nobel Physics Prize

By MATT MOORE and KARL RITTER
The Associated Press
Tuesday, October 6, 2009 9:02 AM

STOCKHOLM -- Three Americans whose research in the 1960s laid the foundation for digital images and lightning-fast communication shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in physics Tuesday for their work developing fiber-optic cable and the sensor at the heart of digital cameras.

Charles K. Kao, 75, was cited for discovering how to transmit light signals over long distances through glass fibers as thin as a human hair. His 1966 breakthrough led to the creation of modern fiber-optic communication networks that carry voice, video and high-speed Internet data around the world.

"What the wheel did for transport, the optical fiber did for telecommunications," said Richard Epworth, who worked with Kao at Standard Telecommunications Laboratories in Harlow, England in the 1960s. "Optical fiber enables you to transmit information with little energy over long distances and to transmit information at very high rates."

Willard S. Boyle, 85, and George E. Smith, 79, were honored for inventing the eye of the digital camera, a sensor able to transform light into a large number of pixels, the tiny points of color that are the building blocks of every digital image.

Their charged-coupled device, or CCD, is found today in devices ranging from the cheapest point-and-shoot digital camera to robotic medical instruments equipped with video cameras that let surgeons perform delicate operations deep inside the human body. It also revolutionized astronomy by letting satellites equipped with digital cameras take images from previously unseen regions of outer space and transmit them back to earth.

The work of the three men is "something that has really changed our lives," said Joseph Nordgren, chair of the academy's physics committee. "The impact on science is enormous."

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said all three have American citizenship. Boyle is also Canadian. Kao was born in Shanghai and is also a British citizen.

Phil Schewe, a physicist and spokesman for the American Institute of Physics, called Kao's work "the backbone of our telecommunications world" because of optical fibers' ability to transmit a lot of information through a tiny space at the speed of light.

Boyle and Smith's 1969 discovery at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey "revolutionized photography, as light could now be captured electronically instead of on film," the Academy said. It described the technology as having built on Albert Einstein's discovery of the photoelectric effect, for which he was awarded the Nobel physics prize in 1921.

Boyle, in a phone call to the academy, said he is reminded of his work with Smith "when I go around these days and see everybody using our little digital cameras, everywhere."

He told The AP that the CCD did for light what the transistor did for sound.

"In other words, the CCD made it possible to store an optical image and transmit it and use it some where else."

But he said the biggest achievement resulting from his work was the transmission of images of features of Mars like its red desert taken by digital cameras in space.

"We saw for the first time the surface of Mars," Boyle said. "It wouldn't have been possible without our invention."

Borje Johansson, a member of the Nobel Committee for Physics, said the three men's work was evident in numerous, and often overlooked, ways.

"When you Google - if you Google - you can be somewhere in the U.S. finding information and you don't notice" that the results are being scoured from worldwide sources. "You think you have it right in your pockets."

He said the work on the CCD had opened up events worldwide to an immediate audience, too, because of the proliferation of digital cameras.

"I think it's very important for people in general that whatever happens in a corner of the world the rest of the world can get this information because of these cameras everybody has," he said, but noted there was a downside because "you have all this pornography and everything."

The award's 10 million kronor ($1.4 million) purse will be split between the three, with Kao taking half and Boyle and Smith each getting a quarter.

The physics award is the second of the 2009 Nobel Prizes to be announced.

On Monday, three American scientists shared the Nobel Prize in medicine for discovering a key mechanism in the genetic operations of cells, an insight that has inspired new lines of research into cancer.

Elizabeth H. Blackburn, who also has Australian citizenship, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak were cited for their work in solving the mystery of how chromosomes, the rod-like structures that carry DNA, protect themselves from degrading when cells divide.


AP Science Writer Malcolm Ritter in New York, Malin Rising in Stockholm, Jill Lawless in London and Rob Gillies in Toronto contributed to this report.

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作者: thesunlover     时间: 2009-10-6 08:44
祝贺祝贺!

钱穆先生创办的应该是香港中文大学的“新亚书院”吧。
作者: weili     时间: 2009-10-6 08:53
华人高锟及两名美科学家获诺贝尔物理学奖

新华网斯德哥尔摩10月6日电 瑞典皇家科学院6日宣布,将2009年诺贝尔物理学奖授予英国华裔科学家高锟以及美国科学家威拉德·博伊尔和乔治·史密斯。

瑞典皇家科学院说,高锟在“有关光在纤维中的传输以用于光学通信方面”取得了突破性成就,他将获得今年物理学奖一半的奖金,共500万瑞典克朗(约合70万美元);博伊尔和史密斯发明了半导体成像器件——电荷耦合器件(CCD)图像传感器,将分享今年物理学奖另一半奖金。

高锟1933年出生于中国上海,曾任香港中文大学校长。博伊尔1924年出生于加拿大阿默斯特,史密斯1930年出生于美国纽约,1969年博伊尔和史密斯在贝尔实验室工作时发明了CCD图像传感器。

高琨简历

高锟一九三三年出生于上海,住在法租界。高教授的父亲是律师,家境还算富裕,住在一栋三层楼的房子里,而三楼就成了高锟童年的实验室。起初,他对化学最有兴趣,尝试自制炸弹。用红磷粉和氯酸钾混和,加上水并调成糊状,再掺入湿泥内,搓成一颗颗弹丸。待风干之后扔下街头,果然发生爆炸。幸好没有伤及途人。

一九四四年,随父移居香港,入读圣约瑟书院,之后考入香港大学,但由于当时港大还未有电机工程系,他只好远赴英国伦敦大学进修。大学毕业后,他进入英国国际电话电报公司(ITT)做工程师,后被聘为研究实验室研究员,同时在英国伦敦大学攻读博士学位,一九六五年毕业。从一九六三年开始,高锟就著手对玻璃纤维进行理论和实用方面的研究工作,并设想利用一种玻璃纤维传送激光脉冲以代替用金属电缆输出电脉冲的通讯方法。一九六六年高锟教授发表了利用极高纯度的玻璃作为媒介,传送光波,作为通讯之用的基础理论。

1996年当选为中国科学院外籍院士,曾任香港中文大学校长。
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作者: xzhao2     时间: 2009-10-6 09:37
哈哈,阿拉,上海人------
作者: 笑雨     时间: 2009-10-6 11:53
高锟一九三三年出生于上海,住在法租界。高教授的父亲是律师,家境还算富裕,住在一栋三层楼的房子里,而三楼就成了高锟童年的实验室。起初,他对化学最有兴趣,尝试自制炸弹。用红磷粉和氯酸钾混和,加上水并调成糊状,再掺入湿泥内,搓成一颗颗弹丸。待风干之后扔下街头,果然发生爆炸。幸好没有伤及途人。

-----------三岁看老。
作者: weili     时间: 2009-10-7 09:21
2009年诺贝尔化学奖

瑞典皇家科学院诺贝尔奖评委会於格林尼治时间今日上午9时45分,即北京时间同日下午5时45分宣布2009年诺贝尔化学奖得主是: 英国科学家Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, 美国科学家汤马士.施泰茨(Thomas A. Steitz) 及以色列女科学家爱达.扬那夫(Ada E. Yonath). 他们的研究成果为发现核酸醣小体的结构和功能', 探索了脱氧核糖核酸(简称DNA)上装载的基因资料是如何通过一种化学综合体, 即是我们所说的核酸醣小体被 ‘转释’成组成千千万万生命体的蛋白质.

馀下的诺贝尔奖奖项以及其得奖名单揭晓时间:
   
文学奖将於格林尼治时间10月8日上午11时,即北京时间同日晚上7时宣布。
和平奖将於格林尼治时间10月9日上午9时,即北京时间同日下午5时宣布。
经济学奖将於格林尼治时间10月12日上午11时,即北京时间同日晚上7时宣布。




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