这一年,二十岁的瑟谷德.马歇尔红鸾星动,遇到了他生命中第一位妻子。在费城的一家冰淇淋店里,瑟谷德.马歇尔被一位身材惹火、腰细腿长、曲线玲珑、叫做维维安.伯雷(Vivian Burey)的美丽女孩子吸引住了,那一年她只有十七岁,在宾西法尼亚州大学(University of Pennsylvania)的教育系读一年级。
瑟谷德.马歇尔告诉自己,有朝一日,等到自己拿到了律师执照后,一定会回来收拾这个既封建又丑陋的马里兰大学。瑟谷德.马歇尔几经研究,最后决定去首都华盛顿的霍华德大学去读法学院。华盛顿首都的霍华德大学,是由美国南北战争名将奥力弗.奥蒂斯.霍华德将军(General Oliver Otis Howard)于1867年成立的。
《吉姆.乌鸦法律》名字的起源是在十九世纪初,美国南方有一个叫做托马斯.达特茅斯.赖斯(Thomas Dartmouth Rice)的缺德白人演员,他善长于说唱逗笑,并专靠表演白人假扮黑人来取乐观众维生。他替自己取了一个使人觉得有趣的舞台艺名〝老爸吉姆.乌鸦(Daddy Jim Crow)〞靠在四处流动的小舞台上表演为生。
白人和有色人种必须要分开来募征,有色人种永远不允许与白人在同一部队服役。当该军队都是白人时,有色人种部队将不被允许加入,有色人种部队必须服从白人军官的指挥。(The white and colored militia shall be separately enrolled, and shall never be compelled to serve in the same organization。No organization of colored troops shall be permitted where white troops are available, and while white permitted to be organized, colored troops shall be under the command of white officers。)
第一条是《护士法(Nurse)》:在黑人留院治疗的地方,无论是公共的或是私人的机关,任何个人或公司不得要求白人女护士为黑人提供服务。(No person or corporation shall require any white female nurse to nurse in wards or rooms in hospital, either public or private, in which Negro are placed。)
第二条是《巴士法(Buses)》:所有在本州的汽车公司,必须要将其车站的候车室或买票窗口,分开为白人的和有色人种的。(All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor company shall separate waiting room or space and separate ticket windows for the white and color races。)
第三条是《火车法(Railroads)》:每一节火车箱的指导员,有权安排每一乘客的座位到用屏风隔开的座位,或是各种种族使用不同的车厢。(The conductor of each train is authorized to assign each passenger to the car or the division of the car, when it is divided by a partition, designed or the race to which such passenger belongs。)
第四条是《餐厅法(Restaurant)》:在城市内,白人与黑人如果在同一餐厅内吃饭的话,是为非法。除非该餐厅是从地面上建起一面不低于七尺的屏风,将之完全隔开,并有着从大街上单独而分开的入口。(It shall unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provide for each compartment。)
第五条是《撞球室法(Pool and Billard Rooms)》:在任何的撞球室里,黑人陪伴白人或者一起玩球,是为非法。(It shall be unlawful for a Negro and white person to play or in company with each other at any games of Pool or Billiards。)
第六条是《男厕所法(Toilet Facilities, Male)》:所有的雇主,必须要提供男性黑人和男性白人分开使用的厕所。(Every employer of white or Negro males shall provide for such white or Negro males reasonable accessible and separate toilet facilities。)
任何具有高加索白人血统者如果与黑人、蒙古人、马来人或印度人结婚的话,其婚姻是为无效。(The marriage of a person of Caucasian blood with a Negro, Mongolian, Malay, or Hindu shall be null and void。)
第一条是《异族婚姻法(Intermarriage)》:所有白人与黑人之间的婚姻,或者一个白人与一个包括有四代之内黑人血统的黑人之间的婚姻,自此以后将永远禁止之。(All marriage between a white and a Negro, or between a white person of Negro decent to the fourth generation inclusive, is hereby forever prohibited。)
第二条是《非法同居法(Cohabitation)》:任何黑种男人和白种女人,或者任何白种男人和黑种女人,并非处于婚姻关系,而在夜间习惯性地居住和使用同一房间,各自必须惩罚监禁十二个月以下,或者罚金五百美元。(Any negro man and white woman, or white man and negro woman, who not married to each other, who shall habitually live and occupy in the night time the same room shall each be punished by imprisonment not exceeding twelve(12)months, or by the fine not exceeding five hundred($500.00)dollars。)
第三条是《教育法(Education)》:白种人孩子的学校和黑种人孩子的学校,必须要完全分隔开来。(The school for white children and the school for Negro children shall be conducted separately。)
第四条是《少年罪犯法(Juvenile Delinquents)》:建筑物必须要分开,一是给白种人孩子,一是给黑种人孩子,建筑物之间必须保持四分之一英里的距离,任何情况下,白种人孩子不可以与黑种人孩子一起交际或者是工作。(There shall separate building, not nearer than one quarter mile to each other, one for white boys and one for Negros boys, white boys and negro bys shall not, in any manner, be associated together or worked together。)
第一条是《精神病医院法(Mental Hospital)》:医院管理当局必须作出分隔开来的部门,在任何情况之下,白种病人和黑种病人不得混在一起。(The Board of Control shall see that proper and distinct apartment are arranged for said patients, so that in no case shall Negro and white together。)
第二条是《异族婚姻法》:白种人除了与白种人结婚之外的任何婚姻均为非法行为。任何违背这条法律的婚姻当为法律失效。(It shall be unlawful for a white person to marry anyone except a white person。Any marriage in violation of this section shall be void。)
第三条是《理发师法(Barbers)》:有色人种的理发师不得为白种女人或者女孩子提供理发服务。(No colored barber shall serve as a barber to white woman or girls。)
第四条是《埋葬法(Burial)》:有关负责此部门的官员不可以,或者批准将有色人种埋葬在白人埋葬一定距离的地方。(The officer shall in charge shall not bury, or allow to be buried, any colored persons upon ground set apart or used for the burial of white persons。)
第五条是《餐厅法(Restaurants)》:任何领有餐厅营业执照的人,必须是为全部的白色人种服务或者是为全部的有色人种服务,不可以在同一个房间里同时为两种人种同时提供服务,在同一张的营业执照之下,不可以在任何的地方为两种人种提供服务。(All persons licensed to conduct a restaurant, shall serve either white people exclusively or colored people exclusively and shall not sell to the two races within the same room or serve the two races anywhere under the same license。)
第六条是《业余棒球法(Amateur Baseball)》:白色人种的业余棒球队在距离特为黑人而设的空地或棒球场二条街之内玩球的话,是为非法,黑人的业余棒球队在距离特为白色人种而设的空地或棒球场二条街之内玩球的话,是为非法。(It shall be unlawful for any amateur white baseball team to play on any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of a playground devoted to the Negro race, and it shall be unlawful for any amateur colored baseball team to play baseball in any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of any playground devoted to the white races。)
第七条是《花园法(Parks)》:任何有色人种进入由市政府拥有或维修的专供白人享受和游乐的花园,是为非法,任何白色人种进入由市政府拥有或维修的专供黑人享受和游乐的花园,是为非法。(It shall be unlawful for colored people to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the benefit, use and enjoyment of white persons----and unlawful for any white person to frequent any park owned and maintain by the city for the use and benefit of colored persons。)
第八条是《葡萄酒和啤酒法(Wine and Beer)》:任何领有销售葡萄酒和啤酒营业执照的人---- 只可完全销售给白种人,或者完全销售给黑种人,在任何时间均不可以在同一房间内同时销售给两种人种。(All people’s licenses to conduct the business of selling wine and Beer----shall serve either white people exclusively or colored people exclusively and shall not sell to the two races within the same room at anytime。)
基金会的董事局必须----保持一个分开的建筑物----在分开的地面用来为有色人种或者黑人来提供挂号,治疗, 辅导和关怀。(The Board of Trust shall----maintain a separate building----on separate ground for the admission,care,instruction,and support of all blind person of the colored or black race。)
第一条是《房屋法(Housing)》:任何人----如果将建筑物的其中部分或全部出租与黑种人或黑种人家庭,而当时该建筑物已经由白种人或白种人家庭正在居住了其中的部分或全部的话,反之皆是如此,而当时该建筑物已经由黑种人或黑种人家庭正在居住了其中的部分或全部,而将该建筑物之部分或全部出租与白种人或白种人家庭的话, 即算轻罪罪名成立,和或者罚款不得少于二十五美元,不得多于一百美元,或者二者并罚,由法庭来决定其不得少于十天,不得多于六十天的监禁刑期。(Any person----who shall rent ant part of any building to a negro or a negro family when such building is already in whole or in part in occupancy by a white person or white family, or vice versa when the building is occupancy by a negro person or a negro family, shall guilty of a misdemeanor and on convention thereof shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty–five($25.00)not more than one hundred($100.00)dollars or be imprisoned not less than 10 or more than 60 days, or both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court。)
第二条是《马戏团票法(Circus Tickets)》:所有的马戏团表演,和室外帐篷式展览,其前来的观众如果是预料会有多于一种人种的话,必须要有两个以上的售票处,各售其票,而必须要具备两个各自单独的进出口,假如是在户外的话,两种售票处之间必须相隔不得少于二十五尺。(All Circuses, Shows and tent exhibitions, to which the attendant of----more than one race is invited or expected to attendant shall provide for the convenience of its patrons not less than two tickets offices with individual ticket sellers, and knotless than two entrances to thee said performance, with individual ticket takers and receivers, and in case of outside or tent performance, the said ticket offices shall not be less than twenty–five(25)feet apart。)
第一条是《异族婚姻法》: 所有在白人与黑人之间,或者白人与黑人的第三代后裔之内,或者白人与马来人种,或者在黑人的第三代后裔之内,与马来人种的婚姻,当为永久性的禁止之。(All marriage between a white person and a Negro, or between a white person and a person of Negro decent, to the third generation, inclusive, or between white person and a member of the Malay race, or between a person of Negro decent, to the third generation, inclusive, and a member of the Malay race, are forever prohibited, and shall be void。)
第二条是《铁路法(Raliroads)》:所有的铁路公司和机构,和所有经营与管理马里兰州铁路局之人员,在此正式要求必须为白人与有色人种为旅行的乘客,提供分隔开来的车厢交通。(All railroads company and corporation, and all persons running or operating cars or coaches by steam on any railroad line pr track in the State of Maryland, for the transportation of passenger, are hereby requested to provide separate cars and coaches for the travel and transportation of the white and colored passengers。)
密西西比州通过了五大条反动透顶的《吉姆.乌鸦法律》,其中最可恶最法西斯的,就是这条公然公开地视《美国联邦宪法》为无物,连谈论一下他们的法西斯思想,都是有罪的《推动平等法(Promotion of Equality)》:
任何人----如果用印刷品,出版物,或者传递印刷品,打字品,手写品,或者亲身在公共场合来催促,要求公众接受,或用普通的讯息去辩论,提议一个白人与黑人们的异族婚姻或者社会平等的话,则其轻罪即是成立,要罚不得超出五百美元的罚款,或者坐牢六个月,或者两者并罚。(Any person----who shall be guilty of printing, publishing, or circulating printed, typewritten, or written matter urging or presenting for public acceptance or general information, arguments or suggestion in favor of social equality or of intermarriage between white and negroes, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to fine or not exceeding five hundred($500.00)dollars or imprisonment not exceeding six(6)months of both。)
第二条是《异族婚姻法》:一个白种人与一个黑种人或者与一个黑白种混血儿或者与一个有八份之一黑种人血统的人之婚姻,是为非法,必须失效。(The marriage of a white person with a Negro or mulatto or person who shall have one-eight or more Negro blood, shall be unlawful and void。)
第三条是《医院进口法(Hosipital Entrance)》:政府当局必须将州政府经费管理为白种人与有色人种病人提供治疗的每一家由州政府提供经费管理的医院,设有为白种人和有色人种病人与访客分开使用的进出口,各种人种必须按照预设的规定来使用那些进出口。(There should be maintained by the governing authorities of every hospital by the State for treatment of white and colored patients separate entrance for the white and colored patients and visitors, and such entrances shall be used by the race only for which they are prepared。)
第四条是《监狱法(Prisons)》:监狱长必须知道要将白种人罪犯包括其吃住在内,与黑种人罪犯分隔开来。(The warden shall see that white convicts shall have separate apartment for both eating and sleeping from the Negro convicts。)
在本法通过并实施后,所有在怀俄明州白人与黑人,黑白混血儿,蒙古人,马来人的婚姻,是为非法并且失效。(All marriage of white persons and Negros, Mulattos, Mongolians, or Malaya hereafter contracted in the State of Wyoming is shall be illegal and void。)