In the airport, where to look for airplanes?
The heavy smog has blocked all the Boeings.
It looks so freaking grey in the northern heaven,
The country has been involved in bad pollution.
To comfort common people and calm the society,
logging and anti-pollution should be planed carefully:
Put those cheaters who plant fake trees in jails,
and punish corrupt officials to grow forest and else.
劉小曼/文
I love this expression: "comparison is the thief of joy" (Teddy Roosevelt).
Lots of us do compare ourselves to others who we think may have a better figure, are better looking, have a great job, etc.
Yet we know that is pointless, is a recipe for unhappiness and is completely irrelevant. We know we have to take our own journey in our own way.
When that little voice in your head starts up in a comparing mode you need to silence it. Give the voice a name and that will make it easier to ignore as it's not you. When it starts up, change your location or your seat on the bus.
The scene in the eastern coast is beautiful,
The three provinces compete to show it all:
when spring arrives, snow melts; creeks babble
to seas; both water and blue sky look crystal.
In summer, the fragrance of lotus lasts long,
In autumn, maple leaves and daisies come along.
When boundless forests welcome winter at will,
geese in snow are flying south across many a hill.
AA BB CC EE 押韵格式
The three maritime provinces in Canada are: New Brunswick, P.E.I. and Nova Scotia.
Dec. 2, 2015作者: Xiaoman 时间: 2015-12-5 21:28 臥龍
羽扇綸巾瑞香風,
神機妙算帷幄中。
出师名世图八阵,
琅邪諸葛氏臥龍。
(出师:陆游《书愤》出師一表真名世,千載誰堪伯仲間
Dec.5, 2015 读赵子龙诗有感)
血染征袍透甲紅,
當陽誰敢與爭鋒。
古來衝陣扶危主,
只有常山趙子龍。作者: Xiaoman 时间: 2015-12-6 13:04 A feathered fan and scarf set off his wonderful aplomb,
His clever strategies solved many army problems,
Famous for the Memorial to the King and Array of Octagon,
He is from Langya, named Zhuge Liang, a Hidden Dragon.
作者: Xiaoman 时间: 2015-12-7 11:47 寒梅有信 (赠ChanHong La 先生,共勉 )
百日陰雨有晴時,
千言精簡煉成詩。
飽嘗堅忍風霜惡,
才有雪中傲寒姿。
劉小曼/文 Dec.7, 2015
(ChanHong La 先生,詩人,艺术家,生活在越南,11歲輟學去打工養家,他不斷自學進修,現在事業有成,家庭幸福,你的朋友们为你感到骄傲。 我高中開始在加拿大生活,穷人阶级,爸妈在多伦多唐人街食品厂打工,挣鸡碎那么多。我一邊打工一邊上學,餐馆卖点心,刷碗,衣厂剪线,农场打工,晒成黑莓。。。完成社區學院的學習和省立大學商科畢業,但慚愧的是我現今却一事無成,ChanHong La先生正面積極的生活態度是我學習的榜樣。我看到了海外華人,聰明的越南華人同胞们勤奮,不畏艱苦,堅持為未來奮鬥的頑強精神,讓我很感動。祝福!)
Christmas is only two weeks away,
the holidays' boiling point is on the way.
sleepless days will fall on all weekends:
it is when busy shopping never ends.
In the shopping mall, what I can see
is overwhelm people mountain, people sea.
Shops remain open throughout the night,
Santa is here and there, never out of sight.
Charismas songs are played again and again.
and what comes to me later will be the pain:
Shortly after holidays, things will turn to a trill,
like snowflakes hitting me, will be many a bill.
Literary criticism is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often influenced by literary theory, which is the philosophical discussion of literature's methods and goals. Though the two activities are closely related, literary critics are not always, and have not always been, theorists.
Whether or not literary criticism should be considered a separate field of inquiry from literary theory, or conversely from book reviewing, is a matter of some controversy. For example, the Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism[1] draws no distinction between literary theory and literary criticism, and almost always uses the terms together to describe the same concept. Some critics consider literary criticism a practical application of literary theory, because criticism always deals directly with particular literary works, while theory may be more general or abstract.
Literary criticism is often published in essay or book form. Academic literary critics teach in literature departments and publish in academic journals, and more popular critics publish their reviews in broadly circulating periodicals such as the Times Literary Supplement, the New York Times Book Review, the New York Review of Books, the London Review of Books, The Nation, and The New Yorker.
Classical and medieval criticism[edit]
Literary criticism has probably existed for as long as literature. In the 4th century BC Aristotle wrote the Poetics, a typology and description of literary forms with many specific criticisms of contemporary works of art. Poetics developed for the first time the concepts of mimesis and catharsis, which are still crucial in literary study. Plato's attacks on poetry as imitative, secondary, and false were formative as well. Around the same time, Bharata Muni, in his Natya Shastra, wrote literary criticism on ancient Indian literature and Sanskrit drama.
Later classical and medieval criticism often focused on religious texts, and the several long religious traditions of hermeneutics and textual exegesis have had a profound influence on the study of secular texts. This was particularly the case for the literary traditions of the three Abrahamic religions: Jewish literature, Christian literature and Islamic literature.
Literary criticism was also employed in other forms of medieval Arabic literature and Arabic poetry from the 9th century, notably by Al-Jahiz in his al-Bayan wa-'l-tabyin and al-Hayawan, and by Abdullah ibn al-Mu'tazz in his Kitab al-Badi.[2]
Renaissance criticism[edit]
The literary criticism of the Renaissance developed classical ideas of unity of form and content into literary neoclassicism, proclaiming literature as central to culture, entrusting the poet and the author with preservation of a long literary tradition. The birth of Renaissance criticism was in 1498, with the recovery of classic texts, most notably, Giorgio Valla's Latin translation of Aristotle's Poetics. The work of Aristotle, especially Poetics, was the most important influence upon literary criticism until the late eighteenth century. Lodovico Castelvetro was one of the most influential Renaissance critics who wrote commentaries on Aristotle's Poetics in 1570.
19th-century criticism[edit]
The British Romantic movement of the early nineteenth century introduced new aesthetic ideas to literary study, including the idea that the object of literature need not always be beautiful, noble, or perfect, but that literature itself could elevate a common subject to the level of the sublime. German Romanticism, which followed closely after the late development of German classicism, emphasized an aesthetic of fragmentation that can appear startlingly modern to the reader of English literature, and valued Witz – that is, "wit" or "humor" of a certain sort – more highly than the serious Anglophone Romanticism. The late nineteenth century brought renown to authors known more for critical writing than for their own literary work, such as Matthew Arnold.
Theory[edit]
In 1957 Northrop Frye published the influential Anatomy of Criticism. In his works Frye noted that some critics tend to embrace an ideology, and to judge literary pieces on the basis of their adherence to such ideology. This has been a highly influential viewpoint among modern conservative thinkers. E. Michael Jones, for example, argues in his Degenerate Moderns that Stanley Fish was influenced by his adulterous affairs to reject classic literature that condemned adultery.[4]
In the British and American literary establishment, the New Criticism was more or less dominant until the late 1960s. Around that time Anglo-American university literature departments began to witness a rise of a more explicitly philosophical literary theory, influenced by structuralism, then post-structuralism, and other kinds of Continental philosophy. It continued until the mid-1980s, when interest in "theory" peaked. Many later critics, though undoubtedly still influenced by theoretical work, have been comfortable simply interpreting literature rather than writing explicitly about methodology and philosophical presumptions.
The current state of literary criticism[edit]
Today interest in literary theory and Continental philosophy coexists in university literature departments with a more conservative literary criticism of which the New Critics would probably have approved. Disagreements over the goals and methods of literary criticism, which characterized both sides taken by critics during the "rise" of theory, have declined. Many critics feel that they now have a great plurality of methods and approaches from which to choose.
Some critics work largely with theoretical texts, while others read traditional literature; interest in the literary canon is still great, but many critics are also interested in minority and women's literatures, while some critics influenced by cultural studies read popular texts like comic books or pulp/genre fiction. Ecocritics have drawn connections between literature and the natural sciences. Darwinian literary studies studies literature in the context of evolutionary influences on human nature. Many literary critics also work in film criticism or media studies. Some write intellectual history; others bring the results and methods of social history to bear on reading literature.
Questions regarding the value of academic criticism[edit]
The value of literary criticism and analysis has been questioned by some prominent artists. Vladimir Nabokov once wrote that good readers do not read books, and particularly those which are considered to be literary masterpieces, "for the academic purpose of indulging in generalizations".[5] At a 1986 conference of James Joyce scholars in Copenhagen, the modernist writer's grandson, Stephen J. Joyce, said, "If my grandfather was here, he would have died laughing ... Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man can be picked up, read, and enjoyed by virtually anybody without scholarly guides, theories, and intricate explanations, as can Ulysses, if you forget about all the hue and cry." He later questioned whether anything has been added to the legacy of Joyce's art by the 261 books of literary criticism stored in the Library of Congress.[6]作者: Xiaoman 时间: 2015-12-15 22:05 Vladimir Nabokov once wrote that good readers do not read books, and particularly those which are considered to be literary masterpieces,